Rabbit polyclonal antibody to HMGB1 (A164)

High mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2 are ubiquitous non~histone components of chromatin. Research suggests that the binding of HMG proteins to DNA induces alterations in the DNA architecture, including DNA bending and unwinding of the helix. HMG proteins synergize with Oct~2, ATF~2, c~Jun and members of the NFκB family to activate transcription. Additional studies indicate that phosphorylation of HMG protein is required to stimulate the transcriptional activity of the protein. Human HMG~1 and HMG~2 each contain two DNA~binding domains, termed HMG boxes. HMG proteins bind singlestranded DNA but induce conformational changes in double~stranded DNA alone.