Rabbit polyclonal antibody to GYS (P539)

Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose and serves as an energy storage in mammalian muscle and liver. Glycogen synthase catalyzes the rate~limiting step of glycogen biosynthesis and has two major isoforms in mammals ~~ muscle isoform (GYS1) and liver isoform (GYS2) respectively. Glycogen synthase kinase~3α (GSK~3α) and glycogen synthase kinase~3β (GSK~3β) phosphorylate glycogen synthase at multiple sites in its C~terminus (Ser641, Ser645, Ser649 and Ser653) inhibiting its activity. Hypoxia alters glycogen metabolism including temporal changes of GYS1 expression and phosphorylation in cancer cells, suggesting the role of metabolic reprogramming of glycogen metabolism in cancer growth.