Rabbit polyclonal antibody to IKB~β (Y188)

The NF~κB/Rel transcription factors are present in the cytosol in an inactive state complexed with the inhibitory IκB proteins. Activation occurs via phosphorylation of IκBα at Ser32 and Ser36 followed by proteasome~mediated degradation that results in the release and nuclear translocation of active NF~κB. IκBα phosphorylation and resulting Rel~dependent transcription are activated by a highly diverse group of extracellular signals including inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. Kinases that phosphorylate IκB at these activating sites have been identified. The regulation of IκBβ and IκBε is similar to that of IκBα. However, the phosphorylation and ubiquitin~mediated degradation of these proteins occurs with much slower kinetics. IKK phosphorylation of IκBβ occurs at Ser19 and Ser23, while IκBε can be phosphorylated at Ser18 and Ser22.