Rabbit polyclonal antibody to TGFβ RII (E246)

Transforming growth factor~β (TGF~β) superfamily members are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental patterning and morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis. TGF~β elicits signaling through three cell surface receptors: type I (RI), type II (RII), and type III (RIII). Type I and type II receptors are serine/threonine kinases that form a heteromeric complex. In response to ligand binding, the type II receptors form a stable complex with the type I receptors allowing phosphorylation and activation of type I receptor kinases. The type III receptor, also known as betaglycan, is a transmembrane proteoglycan with a large extracellular domain that binds TGF~β with high affinity but lacks a cytoplasmic signaling domain. Expression of the type III receptor can regulate TGF~β signaling through presentation of the ligand to the signaling complex. The only known direct TGF~β signaling effectors are the Smad family proteins, which transduce signals from the cell surface directly to the nucleus to regulate target gene transcription.